Trains have been controlled by lineside signals for more than 150 years, but technological advancements are bringing change.

The European Train Control System (ETCS) is the signalling and control component of the European Rail Traffic Management System and will eventually replace lineside signalling equipment across the UK. This change sees a digital system display the information drivers need in their cab. It has already been rolled out across certain routes.

The railway is making this change to improve safety and efficiency.

ETCS offers several benefits, including enhanced safety, by providing the safer separation of trains, and increased efficiency, as trains can be closer together and remain safe. But ETCS implementation also comes with challenges, including initial costs, logistical issues, and increased training needs.